O Desenvolvimento, Sustentabilidade e Meio Ambiente

[pic 1]

Topic: Desenvolvimento, Sustentabilidade e Meio Ambiente[pic 2]

Reviewed anonymously in the process of blind peer.

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Received: 02/12/2018

Approved: 26/01/2019

Marla Corso[pic 3]

Centro Universitário de Maringá, Brasil

 http://lattes.cnpq.br/5920497160956672

 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5168-5407

 [e-mail]

Ana Carolina de Dias Albuquerque

Centro Universitário de Maringá, Brasil

 http://lattes.cnpq.br/8109079676275131

 [e-mail]

Lídia Pereira Amaro

Centro Universitário de Maringá, Brasil

 http://lattes.cnpq.br/7595758370852935 [e-mail][pic 4]

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Lilian Keylla Berto

Centro Universitário de Maringá, Brasil[pic 5]

 http://lattes.cnpq.br/8201764678168686 [e-mail]

[pic 6]

Silvia Luciana Favaro

Centro Universitário de Maringá, Brasil

 http://lattes.cnpq.br/6603422516062090

 [e-mail]

Hugo Eiji Imai

Centro Universitário de Maringá, Brasil

 http://lattes.cnpq.br/1997348408583607

 [e-mail]

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Adriano Pereira Cardoso

Centro Universitário de Maringá, Brasil[pic 7]

 http://lattes.cnpq.br/2622482684854955

 [e-mail]

Natália Ueda Yamaguchi

Centro Universitário de Maringá, Brasil

 http://lattes.cnpq.br/3108348607423641

 [e-mail]

Luciana Cristina Soto Herek Rezende

Centro Universitário de Maringá, Brasil

 http://lattes.cnpq.br/1158006438170059 [e-mail][pic 8]

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DOI: 10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2019.001.0013

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Referencing this:

CORSO, M.; ALBUQUERQUE, A. C. D.; AMARO, L. P.; BERTO, L. K.;

FAVARO, S. L.; IMAI, H. E.; CARDOSO, A. P.; YAMAGUCHI, N. U.;

REZENDE, L. C. S. H.. Graphene oxide synthesis for composite material preparation. Revista Ibero Americana de Ciências Ambientais, v.10, n.1, p.157-166, 2019. DOI: http://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-

 6858.2019.001.0013

INTRODUCTION

The branch of nanotechnology causes a great development in the technological sector due to the diversity of areas of application (BORSCHIVER et al., 2005). Among the various applications of nanotechnology, the preparation of composite materials using nanostructures provides properties that bulk materials cannot achieve due to their size and can be used as reinforcement for polymer matrices. Carbon has different structures whose properties vary with their shape and size. Some of them have nanometric forms such as graphenes, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (ALFAYA et al., 2002).

The different types of carbon forms include graphene oxide, a solid composed of a layer of oxidized carbon atoms whose exact structure remains uncertain due to its low crystallinity, non-stoichiometric composition and thermal instability (DREYER et al., 2010). Graphene, as it does not present these surface irregularities, has excellent chemical, mechanical, optical and electronic properties attracting the attention of several research groups (GEIM, 2009).

Due to this organization of carbon atoms in graphene, its mechanical properties have very high values reaching tens of times the values presented by carbon steel. Examples of mechanical properties of graphene are high values of Young’s modulus (1.5 TPa) and tensile strength (130 GPa). From this, its use in various types of composites as a reinforcing load is feasible due to the combination of these mechanical properties, the nanostructured characteristics, its low density and its high flexibility (EDA et al., 2008; LEE et al., 2008). Graphene can be obtained by different methods, such as mechanical exfoliation(NOVOSELOV, 2004), carbide sublimation (SPRINKLE et al., 2010) and chemical vapor deposition (LI et al., 2011).

One option of using graphene is through graphene oxides, these being partially oxidized graphene generated from processes involving oxidation of graphite or carbon nanotubes (HIGGINBOTHAM et al., 2010; KOSYNKIN et al., 2009). The extent of oxidation degree of graphene oxide is dependent on its preparation and the initial material (PARK et al., 2009). Graphene oxide is an intermediate structure between totally oxidized graphite, which loses its planarity, and graphene which is formed solely by carbon atoms with sp2 hybridization and hydrogen atoms in a planar structure.

Graphene is considered a revolutionary material because it is extremely strong, lightweight, flexible and excellent conductor of electricity (ZHAN et al., 2017) This material has been presenting several innovative applications (ALAM et al., 2017; HUANG et al., 2016; WU et al., 2017) and has played a significant role in the science of nanomaterials due to the diversity of its structural forms and peculiar properties

The production of composites, using nanoscale materials in their composition, presents a differential in terms of mechanical properties, thus, graphene is considered ideal to reinforce composite materials. In this case, any type of matrix can be studied, such as polymers, metals, ceramics, concrete, among others (TREACY, 1996).